Researchers tested DDQ, a small molecule compound, in mice with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The treatment significantly improved cognitive performance on memory and movement tests. DDQ worked by enhancing mitochondrial function - the cellular powerhouses that produce energy. It increased production of healthy mitochondria while helping remove damaged ones through a process called mitophagy. The compound also reduced brain inflammation markers. Electron microscopy showed improved mitochondrial structure in treated mice, with longer, healthier-looking mitochondria and increased removal of dysfunctional ones.
