Longevity & AgingHow Cells Keep Mitochondria Healthy: A Complete Quality Control Map
Mitochondria power every cell, but they constantly face damage from metabolic stress, ROS, and protein misfolding. This 2025 review from Huazhong University of Science and Technology maps the full mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system — from fusion and fission dynamics to mitophagy, biogenesis, protein quality control, and inter-organelle coordination with the ER, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. The authors trace how these layered mechanisms interact and collectively govern the mitochondrial life cycle, and highlight how their failure drives neurodegenerative and metabolic disease. The review synthesizes cutting-edge molecular detail alongside therapeutic targeting opportunities.
