This comprehensive review compares two promising microalgae for natural astaxanthin production: Haematococcus pluvialis and Chromochloris zofingiensis. While H. pluvialis produces exceptionally high astaxanthin concentrations (3-5% dry weight), it grows slowly and reaches only 5-10 g/L biomass. In contrast, C. zofingiensis achieves ultrahigh biomass densities of 100-220 g/L through fermentation but with lower astaxanthin content (0.1-0.5%). The research highlights engineering strategies, metabolic pathways, and industrial prospects for scaling natural astaxanthin production to meet growing demand for this potent antioxidant.
