Brain-Targeting Nanozyme Shows Promise for Stroke Recovery by Protecting Blood Vessels

Stroke remains a leading cause of disability worldwide, largely because current treatments fail to address the complex damage to the brain's neurovascular unit - the integrated network of neurons, blood vessels, and supporting cells that maintains brain function.

Researchers at Shandong University developed A@HPB@THSA, a sophisticated nanozyme that targets multiple aspects of stroke damage simultaneously. This biomimetic therapy encapsulates aspirin within a hollow Prussian blue nanozyme core, then coats it with brain-targeting T7 peptide-conjugated human serum albumin. The design exploits the overexpression of transferrin receptors on damaged brain blood vessels and compromised blood-brain barrier permeability to deliver therapy directly to stroke-affected areas.

In rat models of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (a common stroke type), the nanozyme demonstrated remarkable therapeutic effects. The Prussian blue component effectively neutralized reactive oxygen species that cause cellular damage, while aspirin prevented platelet aggregation and neutrophil infiltration that can block blood flow and worsen injury.

Key outcomes included reduced blood-brain barrier permeability, enhanced polarization of microglia toward anti-inflammatory states, and improved neuronal survival. This comprehensive approach to neurovascular unit protection represents a significant advance over current stroke therapies that typically target single mechanisms. The research provides a promising foundation for developing more effective stroke treatments that could substantially improve patient outcomes and reduce long-term disability.